Interactions between these cells with a myriad of growth factors and cytokines derived from vitreous contact and breach of the bloodretinal barrier trigger a cascade of downstream cellular processes, including EMT, chemotaxis, proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and cellular migration, leading to the formation of contractile fibrotic membranes and the overt loss of the retinal architecture [280]
Western blot analysis RIPA Lysis Buffer (TransGen, Beijing, China) was used to extract total protein from tissues/fibroblasts and a Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction Kit (TransGen) was used to extract the protein from nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts
ROS overproduction results in apoptosis, a programmed cell death 13
Insert the needle into the vial of bacteriostatic water and push the 1 mL of air into the vial
Liposomal encapsulation requires specialized manufacturing that increases cost 4080%