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raises IGF-1 and carries glucose-tolerance risk Compound Semaglutide (Wegovy) Class GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA Status FDA-approved for chronic weight management Evidence Strength Phase 3 RCTs
Standard protocols using 1 to 2 mg daily are operating at a tiny fraction of these thresholds
The SH bond of thiols dissociates with pKa (pH where 50% dissociated) in the range ~ 710:RSH RS + H+thiolpKaH2S ~71 (to form HS)cysteine ~85, 89 (-NH3+, -NH2) glutathione ~89, 91 (-NH3+, -NH2) About 3% of glutathione (GSH) is dissociated to the thiolate form (GS) at pH 74 Many reactions of thiols with oxidants will be pH-dependent around physiological pH because the thiolate form is usually oxidized much faster than the undissociated thiol Effects of thiol dissociation on rates of reactions in the physiological pH range Example of thiolate(pH)-dependent reactivity Reactivity of GSH increased exactly 100fold between pH 68 Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) oxidized in the liver to a quinoneimine GSH adds rapidly to double bond, protects against adduct forming with protein thiols Only thiolate anion reactive, reaction pH-dependent at pH 10 107 (Folkes et al
10.3945/jn.108.103549 62
have you used hormonal birth control for extended periods
