Despite the emergence of numerous treatment strategies such as chemotherapeutic agents, small molecule inhibitors, specific gene, or protein targeting so-called smart drugs, and immunotherapies that are found to be effective in the treatment of some form of cancers (e.g., childhood leukemia, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer), cancer death rate, in general, has not changed substantially (only 5% since 1950
Sperm protein carbonylation
Idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI) is unpredictable, not dose-dependent, and may take weeks or months to develop
One of the central regulatory pathway in redox balance is the Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1 (Keap1)nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which upregulates biosynthesis of antioxidant proteins, including antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S -transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione reductase (GR), Trx-R, CAT, and SOD, but also nonenzymatic antioxidant proteins, e.g., Trx or anti-apoptotic proteins from Bcl-2 family 64
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( References Damy, Thibaud et al
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