& Fan, G
6.4 Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications OS plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications through multiple interconnected pathways that promote endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling
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Men may notice lower libido, erectile dysfunction, or partners report declines in semen parameters on testing, such as lower concentration or reduced motility
Possible adverse effects may include: Injection site reactions : Redness, swelling, irritation, or discomfort Gastrointestinal symptoms : Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, or diarrhea Headaches or dizziness Allergic reactions : Rash, itching, shortness of breath, or facial swelling (rare) Increased heart rate or anxiety (typically temporary from B-vitamins) Fatigue or weakness if used improperly Elevated liver enzymes when taken in excess particularly with methionine or choline Insomnia if taken late in the day due to increased energy levels Who should avoid or use caution