Whether these are equivalent in biological effect is not proven through comparative human studies
As in everything health-related, your mileage may vary
BergmannCPochmannDBergmannJBoccaFProenaIMarinhoJet alThe use of retinoic acid in association with microneedling in the treatment of epidermal melasma: Efficacy and oxidative stress parameters
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 58.Ocampo-Garza S.S., Fabbrocini G., Ocampo-Candiani J., Cinelli E., Villani A
This work was supported by the Wilmot Cancer Institute Predoctoral Fellowship (to G.A.), the American Association for Cancer Research and Breast Cancer Research Foundation (20-20-26-HARR to I.S.H.), the Breast Cancer Coalition of Rochester (to I.S.H.), the American Cancer Society (RSG-23-971782-01-TBE to I.S.H.), the Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research (to A.M.), the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center (to A.M.), the Cancer Research Foundation (to A.M.), the V Foundation (to A.M.), the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (to G.C.), the Lung Cancer Research Foundation (to J.C.), and NIH grants R01CA269813 (to I.S.H.), R01CA269813-S1 (to M.Z.), R37CA230042 (to G.M.D.), R24AA022057 (to V.V.), R01AA028859 (to Y.C.), R01CA276461 (to A.M.), T32CA009594 and F31CA278362 (to C.S.), and AI150698 (to J.M.)