doi:10.2310/7070.2001.19597
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxic neuronal death
According to the Mayo Clinic, parenteral vitamin B12 therapy is clinically indicated for treating deficiency caused by pernicious anemia, gastrointestinal disorders such as tropical sprue, and conditions resulting in malabsorption like pancreatic insufficiency
Plant compounds like alkaloids and flavonoids show potential in combating oxidative stress in diabetes
Composed of endothelial cells, tight junction proteins, astrocytic end-feet, and pericytes, it ensures the controlled passage of essential nutrients and specific molecules into the brain while blocking potentially harmful substances [141,142,143,144]