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Ahmed NB, Salem AE, Abdul Gawad EA, Ahmed HH, Mohamed Abdel Gawad MH (2025) Acute effects of heated tobacco smoking: a single center study

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The formaldehyde results are consistent with three somewhat competitive influences on formaldehyde yields: i) the reduction in quantity of precursors such as sugars and cellulosic materials acting to reduce the formaldehyde emissions, ii) the reduction in sidestream ammonia yields inhibiting the energetically favourable reaction of ammonia with formaldehyde to form hexamethylenetetramine, thereby potentially boosting formaldehyde emissions, and iii) greater oxidative formation of formaldehyde as the circumference is reduced and surface area to internal volume increases

Among our sample, 76.3% endorsed the use of JUUL e-cigarettes during pregnancy and the two largest classes were characterized by JUUL use