Another pathophysiological possibility of the association between smoking and CR would be the propensity to bacterial infection on the respiratory epithelium
Smoking tobacco exposes the throat to harmful chemicals, which can damage cells in the lining of the throat, leading to mutations that may eventually result in cancer
Smokeless tobacco gutka, khaini, zarda, pan masala with tobacco contains over 30 known carcinogens
Calls to action For policy makers Policy makers must recognize that the illicit tobacco trade not only exacerbates the global tobacco epidemic and its related health consequences, but that it has security implications through financing organised crime, including drugs, human and arms trafficking, as well as terrorism
Purpose-built for physicians ACG updates guidelines for GERD diagnosis, management The ACG updated guidelines for GERD to include pharmacologic, lifestyle, surgical and endoscopic management