For BPC-157 , the deepest non-musculoskeletal literature is gastrointestinal: cytoprotection of the stomach lining, ulcer healing, and effects on fistula and anastomosis healing in rodents, tied mechanistically to the nitric-oxide system
Do wellness treatments affect hormones or hormone balance
References: Seiwerth, S., Milavic, M., Vukojevic, J., Gojkovic, S., Krezic, I., Vuletic, L. B., Pavlov, K. H., Petrovic, A., Sikiric, S., Vranes, H., Prtoric, A., Zizek, H., Durasin, T., Dobric, I., Staresinic, M., Strbe, S., Knezevic, M., Sola, M., Kokot, A., Sever, M., Sikiric, P. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing.Frontiers in pharmacology,12, 627533. Maar, K., Hetenyi, R., Maar, S., Faskerti, G., Hanna, D., Lippai, B., Takatsy, A., & Bock-Marquette, I. (2021). Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.Cells,10(6), 1343. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 132558700, CID 132558700 PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9941957 PubChem, Gurtner GC, Werner S, Barrandon Y, Longaker MT. Wound repair and regeneration. Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):314-21. doi: 10.1038/nature07039. PMID: 18480812. Santra, M., Zhang, Z. G., Yang, J., Santra, S., Santra, S., Chopp, M., & Morris, D. C. (2014). Thymosin 4 up-regulation of microRNA-146a promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and suppression of the Toll-like proinflammatory pathway.The Journal of biological chemistry,289(28), 1950819518. Sikiric, Predrag et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC-157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Current neuropharmacology vol. 14,8 (2016): 857-865. Chang, Chung-Hsun et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC-157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) vol. 110,3 (2011): 774-80. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010. Katherine M. Malinda et.al, Thymosin 4 Accelerates Wound Healing, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 364-368, ISSN 0022-202X, Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Pressure Ulcers. S Seiwerth, et al. BPC-157s effect on healing. Journal of physiology, Paris vol. 91,3-5 (1997): 173-8. doi:10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89480-6. Xu B, Yang M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Guan S, Jiang D. Thymosin 4 enhances the healing of medial collateral ligament injury in rat. Regul Pept. 2013 Jun 10;184:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.03.026. Pevec D, Novinscak T, Brcic L, Sipos K, Jukic I, Staresinic M, Mise S, Brcic I, Kolenc D, Klicek R, Banic T, Sever M, Kocijan A, Berkopic L, Radic B, Buljat G, Anic T, Zoricic I, Bojanic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC-157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. Med Sci Monit. 2010 Mar;16(3):BR81-88. PMID: 20190676. Srivastava, D., Ieda, M., Fu, J., & Qian, L. (2012). Cardiac repair with thymosin 4 and cardiac reprogramming factors.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1270, 6672. Bock-Marquette, I., Saxena, A., White, M. D., Dimaio, J. M., & Srivastava, D. (2004). Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.Nature,432(7016), 466472
A study mentions that examining its presence in equine urine and plasma discovered that it has possibly been administered to create optimal healing and performance conditions for horses [4]
The takeaway: after reconstitution, you should plan to use the solution within one month or less , ideally sooner, under refrigeration (2-8 C) and avoiding freezing/thawing cycles if possible
