glutathione ncbi Multiomics reveals metabolism as a driver of bimodality during stem cell aging: Cell Metabolism The Role of Glutathione Metabolism

Nat Rev Immunol 16(9):566580

This cascade response is triggered by an extracellular signaling molecule, AI-2, at a certain threshold concentration (Moreno-Gmez et al., 2017)

Kern JK, Geier DA, Adams JB, et al

Liver repair and regeneration exhibit several commonalities across different conditions, such as the activation of inflammatory and growth factor signaling pathways, including TNF-, IL-6, HGF, and EGF, which play crucial roles in hepatocyte proliferation and tissue repair

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyric acid, produced by the gut microbiota can circulate through the bloodstream to the lungs, where they enhance the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages and suppress excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines