It works best as a long-term skin-quality ingredient that improves texture, firmness, and resilience, often alongside other proven treatments rather than as a stand-alone anti-aging fix
IGF-1 LR3 IGF-1 LR3, or Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Long Arg3, is a more potent version of the naturally occurring hormone IGF-1
Gopal Grandhige, MD, FACS, Board-Certified Surgeon Last Reviewed: February 28, 2026 GHK-Cu is a copper peptide complex (glycyl-histidyl-lysine combined with copper) that naturally occurs in human saliva, plasma, and urine
Immunological contributors: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a well-characterized immune cause linked to clotting and pregnancy loss
One medication may be enough Many patients do well with one medication and continue making progress with regular follow-up