One-way non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis H test) to assess differences between multiple device types, Spearman test for correlation analyses, and Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between two groups were used
Vapes deliver nicotine through aerosol, which can contain some harmful chemicals depending on the device and liquid quality, but the numbers dont compare even slightly to cigarettes
These products have many names including e-cigarettes, vapes, vaporizers, vape pens, hookah pens, and e-pipes among others
The researchers found that the level of nicotine found in small cigar smoke is similar to or greater than cigarette smoke
The number of cigarette smokers in the United States has dropped by 8.6 million since 2005 and that fall could be accelerated by a tobacco tax just passed in California