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10.1073/pnas.75.3.1213 46 LitwackG.KettererB.AriasI

Almost everyone who gets radioiodine therapy later develops hypothyroidism

Consequently, PGA formation constitutes an overflow pathway that becomes prominent only when normal glutathione homeostasis is compromised, making it a valuable marker of impaired cellular antioxidant capacity and metabolic stress

The TRIUMPH-4 Phase 3 trial in obesity with knee osteoarthritis later reported 28.7% mean weight loss at 68 weeks with retatrutide 12 mg/week, and identified a dose-related dysesthesia (nerve-tingling) signal in 8.8% of 9 mg and 20.9% of 12 mg patients (Bays et al., 2025)

In primary leukemia cells, BCAT1 actively breaks down BCAAs into branched-chain -keto acids using -KG, supplying key substrates for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the synthesis of non-essential amino acids