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96 of the report: No Fire, No Smoke: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction (gsthr.org) Philanthrocapitalism: Direction of the Global Funding Streams - Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020 The second and more significant financial input into both US and global campaigning against THR has come from Bloomberg Philanthropies (BP), with some assistance from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)

doi:10.3390/ijerph6051691

Kimura K, Ito M, Amano M, Chihara K, Fukata Y, Nakafuku M, et al

Carcinogenesis 39 , 948954 (2018)

A call to action for cardiologists and policymakers The evidence is unequivocal: nicotine, across all delivery systems, is a direct cardiovascular toxin