is smoking cigarettes or vaping worse safer than smoking? A pulmonologist weighs in Smoking cigarettes vs. vaping: UK

Abbreviations ARE: Antioxidant response element BBB: Blood-brain barrier CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CHI: Closed head injury CNS: Central nervous system CS: Cigarette smoke 2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus FTC: Federal Trade Control GSH: Glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 ISO: International Organization for Standardization Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells NQO-1: NAD(P)H: quinone reductase I Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor OS: Oxidative stress PECAM-1: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCSM: Single cigarette smoking machine TBI: Traumatic brain injury TJ: Tight junction TS: Tobacco smoke ZO-1: Zonulae occludentes-1 References Laker SR

Last Updated February, 2017

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For models addressing all participants, the effect sizes were compared using the ratio of relative risks (RRR) 22

Without one, its harder to achieve the right balance in your joint