Senescent cells are cells that have permanently halted their cell cycle ('replicative arrest') but resist apoptosissometimes called 'zombie cells.' They accumulate with age in multiple tissues and secrete a pro-inflammatory cocktail called the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), containing IL-6, IL-8, MMP-3, MMP-9, TNF-, and other factors that damage surrounding healthy tissue
Plasma TNF concentration was colorimetrically measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN)
Tang X, Jaenisch R, Sur M (2021) The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders
In vitro studies have quantified this bioavailability
Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that is necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues including the skin