Lakowicz and Gregorio Weber reported that despite their common location in the interior of the protein matrix and the apparent inaccessibility to solvent, no tryptophan residues were excluded from quenching by oxygen (which is an ideal quencher of the fluorescence of singlet excited states, as every collision with an excited fluorophore results in quenching), indicating that proteins, in general, undergo rapid structural fluctuations on the nanosecond time scale which permit diffusion of oxygen (Lakowicz and Weber, 1973)
The copper ion that gives GHK-Cu its regenerative properties also creates oxidation vulnerabilities that other peptides don't face
Tendinopathy arises when a tendon is repeatedly loaded with inadequate rest and recovery between loading episodes
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For instance, ossicle formation in Achilles tendon tissue appears with osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) (Forslund and Aspenberg, 1998)