For patients diagnosed with a vitamin B12 deficiencyespecially when caused by problems with absorption in the digestive tract (such as pernicious anemia, certain gastrointestinal conditions, or after specific surgeries)oral supplements may not be effective

Other notable adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia : Low risk when used as monotherapy, but increased when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas Injection site reactions : Erythema, pruritus, or discomfort in approximately 2% to 4% of patients Fatigue and dizziness : Reported in 5% to 8% of participants Increased heart rate : Mean increases of 2 to 4 beats per minute observed Serious adverse events were uncommon but included acute pancreatitis (approximately 0.2% incidence), gallbladder disease including cholecystitis and cholelithiasis (0.6% in diabetes trials and up to 2.5% in weight management trials, associated with rapid weight loss), and acute kidney injury, typically in the context of severe dehydration from gastrointestinal symptoms
Safety depends on the specific peptide, product quality, dose, health history, lab monitoring, and provider guidance
Avoid high-fat and greasy foods during the first two weeks after each dose increase, as fat takes longest to digest and compounds the slowed gastric emptying effect
Research suggests the opposite