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E-cigarettes: impact of e-liquid components and device characteristics on nicotine exposure

Many companies are now using recyclable and biodegradable materials to reduce their environmental impact

Thus, smoking has adverse negative effects on the cardiovascular system and functions by its direct influence on the cardiac organs in terms of altering its function of blood and oxygen transportation due to narrowing of blood vessels and direct damage to the heart organs

Its recommendations have significant health benefits, aiding healthcare providers and patients in making informed decisions about preventive measures to combat diseases, including smoking

Future studies should aim to replicate and expand upon our findings using smaller, more controlled samples with validated measurement tools