Relative to smoking, blood nicotine levels are lower when using NRT, nicotine is delivered more slowly, and exposure to the harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke, in particular CO, is avoided 29,40,41
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Pros Hands-On Monitoring: Provides a tangible, real-time assessment of each vehicles condition, catching issues early before they escalate Quality Assurance: Regular inspections ensure that service standards are consistently met, enhancing customer satisfaction Better Culpability Allocation: Although its not 100% reliable and depends on the inspection frequency, regular vehicle checks by employees help narrow down which customers could have smoked in the vehicle Cons Resource Intensive: Requires significant effort and time to conduct regular inspections, which can be a logistical challenge No Solid Evidence: The people doing the inspections might not notice the smell because they are in a hurry or because theyre smokers themselves Operational Downtime: Vehicles need to be taken out of circulation for the duration of the inspection, potentially reducing availability for users Limited Business Models: Only applicable for station-based car sharing operators 4

A positive test is still a serious violation
At the same time, in public international aviation law, there are some multilateral conventions which SOMEHOW REGULATES which behaviours (act or omission) are considered illegal, unlawful